Select Language
Free Registration

Bispecific antibody targets and services

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) harness the specificities of two antibodies and combine them to simultaneously recognize different antigens or epitopes. This 'two-target' functionality has meant that interest in their use for therapeutic applications has increased considerably. With the development and maturity of bsAb technology platform, the combination selection of targets is becoming the key point of competition. Among the bsAb programs under development currently, the combination of CD3 and tumor surface targets are the most popular targets pairs. And the new targets of Immune cell will also provide more choice in targets combination in the future.

Mechanisms of Action of BsAbs

  • Immune Cell Engagers
  • Dual Signaling Pathway Modulation
  • Immune Checkpoint Modulation
  • Targeted Payload Delivery
  • Protein Assembly or Functional Substitution

Immune Cell Engagers

Mechanism of Action of T Cell Engagers (TCEs)

Mechanism of Action of T Cell Engagers (TCEs)

Mechanism of Action of NK Cell Engagers (NKCEs)

Mechanism of Action of NK Cell Engagers (NKCEs)

Immune Cell Engagers (ICEs) represent one of the most typical mechanisms of action for bsAbs, functioning primarily to bridge immune effector cells and tumor cells. One arm targets tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), while the other binds activating receptors on immune effector cells (such as T cells or NK cells). This dual engagement precisely recruits immune cells to the tumor site, bypassing MHC restriction and directly triggering immune-mediated cytotoxicity.

T Cell Engagers (TCEs): The most extensively studied and clinically validated class of ICEs. By binding to the CD3 molecule on T cells, TCEs induce the formation of an immunological synapse, leading to the release of perforin and granzymes and efficient lysis of tumor cells.
NK Cell Engagers (NKCEs): Harness the innate cytotoxicity of NK cells by simultaneously engaging activating receptors (such as CD16a, NKG2D, or NKp30) on NK cells and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby mediating potent tumor cell killing.
Phagocyte Engagers (PCEs): Primarily utilize macrophages and dendritic cells as effector cells. A typical mechanism involves blocking the CD47-SIRPα axis to disrupt the tumor’s “don’t eat me” signal, thereby promoting antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and enhancing antitumor immune responses.
Overview of Popular Targets
T cell engagers (TCEs)
CD20×CD3
CD19×CD3
BCMA×CD3
HER2×CD3
GPRC5D×CD3
EpCAM×CD3
CLDN18.2×CD3
EGFR×CD3
PSMA×CD3
DLL3×CD3
KLK2×CD3
CLDN6×CD3
ROR1×CD3
STEAP1×CD3
STEAP2×CD3
FcRH5×CD3
NK cell engagers (NKCEs)
CD30×CD16A
SLAMF7×NKG2D
CD19×Nkp30
EGFR×Nkp46
NKG2C×IL-15×CD33
HER2×Nkp80
HER2×CD155
DNAM-1
2B4
NKG2A
KIR2DL
KIR3DL
CD96
KIR2DS
KIR3DS
CD160

Other Products

In addition to high-quality recombinant protein products for the above popular targets, we also offer a wide range of products and research tools, including TCR-CD3 complexes, stable cell lines, and bridging ELISA kits, to comprehensively support the development, screening, and functional validation of bsAbs—accelerating your innovative drug discovery and development process.

Product List

TCR-CD3 Complexes
Stable Cell Lines
Bridging ELISA Kits

Bioactivity Analysis of BsAbs

The characterization and pharmacokinetic (PK)/PD assessment are vital. Quality attributes such as antigen specificity; affinity and on- and off-rates; avidity (for bispecific antibodies that target two molecules on the same cell); potency; process-related impurities such as aggregates, fragments, and homodimers; stability; and half-life may affect pharmacology and should be studied. On the other hand, as bispecific antibodies may present as a mixture of biologically active and inactive forms, it is important to identify the bispecific antibody form(s) that is most pharmacologically relevant to PK/PD assessment and to develop validated assays that measure the appropriate form(s) accordingly. Due to the synergetic effect BsAb brings, the dosage is relatively low. Therefore, it requires a more sensitive assay for analysis.
Case Study 1: Antigen-Antibody Binding Activity
Immobilized Human CD20 Full Length Protein, His Tag (Cat. No. CD0-H52H3 ) at 2 μg/mL, add increasing concentrations of Glofitamab and then add HRP-Human CD3E & CD3D Heterodimer Protein, His Tag&Tag Free (Cat. No. CDD-HR2W3 ) at 1 μg/mL, with sensitivity of 40.30 ng/mL (Routinely tested).
Protocol
Case Study 2: Fc Receptor-Antibody Affinity
Bispecific antibody (BsAb-IgG) binding with Fc gamma Receptor
Ligand Analyte KD(M)
FcRn (FCGRT & B2M) (Cat. No. FCN-H52W7) BsAb-lgG 1.07E-06
Fc gamma RIIIA / CD16a (V176) (Cat. No. CD8-H52H4) 1.54E-06
Fc gamma RIIIA / CD16a (F176) (Cat. No. CDA-H5220) 5.23E-06
Fc gamma RIIIA / CD32a (R176) (Cat. No.CDA-H5221) 4.50E-06
Fc gamma RIIIA / CD32a (H167) (Cat. No.CD1-H5223) 2.43E-06
Fc gamma RI / CD64 (Cat. No.FCA-H52H1) 5.50E-09
Contact to a scientist
Case Study 3: Bridging ELISA for BsAb PK Analysis
Immobilized Human OX40 Protein, His Tag (MALS verified) (Cat. No. OX0-H5224) at 2 μg/mL, add increasing concentrations of CTLA-4 x OX40 bispecific antibody in 50% Human serum and then add Biotinylated Human CTLA-4, Fc,Avitag (Cat. No. CT4-H82F3) at 0.2 μg/mL. Detection was performed using HRP-conjugated streptavidin with sensitivity of 4 ng/mL (Intact assay)
Protocol
Methodology validation
With a strong team of scientists, ACROBiosystems also provides high-quality integrated SPR&BLI analytical services. ACRO has served and collaborated with more than 100 customers from academia and industry. Our work supported multiple antibody drugs IND applications.
Click to learn more about SPR /BLI analytical service
Contact to a scientist
  • Bispecific antibody targets and services
  • Mechanisms of Action of BsAbs
  • Other Products
  • Product List
  • Bioactivity Analysis of BsAbs